Oil Analysis Consulting by an STLE Certified Engineer
When an engine technician inspects your engine(s) they will typically draw oil samples and send them to a lab for analysis. These samples can identify issues before they become big and potentially expensive problems.
Oil sample analysis is a process used to assess the condition of oils, particularly in machinery and engines, by analyzing the oil's physical and chemical properties. The results help determine if the oil is still effective, if it needs to be replaced, and if there are any signs of wear or contaminants in the system. Here's an overview of how it works:
1. Sampling the Oil:
Oil is typically collected from the engine or machinery at regular intervals, often through a special sampling valve or a dedicated port. This ensures that the sample is representative of the oil’s overall condition.
2. Physical Analysis:
Viscosity Test: Measures how thick or thin the oil is. Changes in viscosity can indicate contamination or breakdown.
Appearance Check: Observing the color and clarity can give initial clues. For instance, dark or murky oil could indicate excessive wear, contamination, or overheating.
Flashpoint Test: This measures the temperature at which oil ignites. A lower flashpoint may indicate contamination with fuel or other flammable materials.
3. Chemical Analysis:
Additive Levels: Oil contains additives to improve its performance (e.g., detergents, anti-wear agents). Analysis determines if these are still present at the correct levels.
Total Acid Number (TAN) / Total Base Number (TBN): TAN indicates the acidity level of the oil, while TBN measures the oil's ability to neutralize acids. A high TAN may indicate oil degradation.
Oxidation and Nitration: These tests measure the breakdown of the oil due to heat or reaction with nitrogen compounds, helping to detect signs of overheating or contamination.
4. Wear Metal and Contaminant Analysis:
Metallic Element Analysis: Using techniques like Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) or Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (AES), the oil sample is tested for trace metals (e.g., iron, copper, aluminum) that indicate wear from internal engine components.
Particle Counting: Detects the presence of dirt, debris, and wear particles. A high concentration of certain particles (e.g., iron, copper, aluminum) can indicate excessive wear on specific parts.
Water Content: Oil analysis will detect the presence of water (either through a physical or chemical test), which can be harmful to the system as it can cause corrosion and reduce lubrication efficiency.
5. Interpretation of Results:
The results of the analysis are compared against baseline levels or industry standards. Any anomalies, such as high metal content, high acidity, or low additive levels, are red flags that indicate potential issues like excessive wear, oil degradation, or contamination.
Anomalies might indicate the need for oil replacement, cleaning of the machinery, or maintenance to prevent future damage.
6. Reporting and Recommendations:
The lab provides a detailed report that includes the test results, trends, and a recommendation for further action. This could be as simple as changing the oil or may involve deeper investigation into machine conditions.
Regular oil sample analysis is crucial for predictive maintenance, as it allows engineers or operators to anticipate and address problems before they lead to costly breakdowns or equipment failure.
John is available for consulting to help you read and understand what the report may truly be revealing. His 32 years as a lubrication engineer may provide insights that can inform your next decision or action.
